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Testing

Navigating the “Safety Hierarchy”

The safety hierarchy is a flexible concept that can be helpful in deciding on a final product design. But it can also be a trap for the unwary design engineer. This article will discuss the safety hierarchy concept, how do you comply with its requirements, and what are the problems associated with it?

Non-Technical Considerations Often Overlooked When Determining ROI for an In-House EMC Chamber

Are you considering the purchase of an EMC chamber for in-house testing? If so, what factors should you consider for determining if the investment is a wise choice or if the continued utilization of a third-party test facility is the better option?

Application of Thrifty Test Equipment for EMC Testing

EMC testing laboratories often have limitations (limited availability, lead times, etc.) that can make it difficult to obtain timely results from routine troubleshooting. Inexpensive test equipment can support efficient and economical in-house EMC troubleshooting.

Assessing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in Vehicles

As they become more commonplace in today’s motor vehicles, advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) require a unique set of testing procedures that include repeatability of the trigger mechanism in a safe, controlled environment to accurately measure their effectiveness.

Simulation-Based Testing for Early Safety Validation of Robot Systems

Industrial human-robot collaborative systems must be validated thoroughly with regard to safety. Due to the complexity of robot systems, safety flaws often stay hidden, especially at early design stages, when a physical implementation is not yet available for testing. Simulation-based testing is a possible way to identify hazards in an early stage.
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What Are the Advantages of Capacitively Coupled TLP (CC-TLP)?

Within the past 18 years, many studies exploring 3 µm to 7 nm technologies have demonstrated the excellent correlation of CC-TLP with CDM in terms of stress current failure threshold as well as electrical failure and physical damage signature.

Toward Standardization of Low Impedance Contact CDM

The 16.6 ohm implementation of contact CDM (LICCDM) recently published in ANSI-ESD Standard Practice 5.3.3 is shown to produce waveforms of similar shape, Ifail, and Ipeak vs. Ceff dependency as JS-002. The non-monotonicity of JS-002 at low voltages is overcome using LICCDM. A path to joint standardization with air discharge testing is proposed.

Caster Contact: The Achilles Heel of ESD Floors

A fully functional ESD floor prevents static generation and provides an effective path to ground for personnel and equipment. Many conductive and dissipative floors meet STM 7.1 resistance parameters in ANSI/ESD S20.20 but fail to provide adequate electrical contact for grounding equipment with conductive casters and drag chains.

Batteries Gone Wrong: Assessment, Mitigation, and Expectations

Modern lithium batteries require a comprehensive approach to risk assessment and mitigation during product development, and a swift and systematic response when safety concerns arise in the field.

Electrical Fire Patterns in Vegetation

The formation of branching patterns is commonly associated with electrical discharges. Lightning and electrostatic discharges from a Van de Graaff generator are transient luminous branching patterns, and sometimes the passing of an electrical current leaves residual physical patterns. Examples of how such patterns are formed are presented.
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