Transformer

The formation of branching patterns is commonly associated with electrical discharges. Lightning and electrostatic discharges from a Van de Graaff generator are transient luminous branching patterns, and sometimes the passing of an electrical current leaves residual physical patterns. Examples of how such patterns are formed are presented.

This article discusses techniques for assessing the effectiveness of existing shielding and penetration protection in power substations against early-time, high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (E1 HEMP) and intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI).

Major news outlets in the Philadelphia metropolitan area report that the head of the city’s Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) has called on city officials to replace the two-and-a-half year old Motorola police radio system because of repeated communications failures.

This is the first of a series of articles devoted to the design, test, and EMC emissions evaluation of 1- and 2-layer PCBs that contain AC/DC and/or DC/DC converters and employ different ground techniques.

Grounding is often viewed from separate points of view - safety, ESD, or EMI.  This article combines all these aspects together so that practitioners can address grounding at the factories and in the laboratories in a comprehensive way.