Joule

The world of flexible electronics is rapidly growing. There are a wide field of applications, from wearable technologies and solar cells to flexible displays and artificial skins. Unfortunately, the basic components of these flexible technologies could be leading them to overheat -- and according to a new paper, that's posing a potentially serious problem.

The formation of branching patterns is commonly associated with electrical discharges. Lightning and electrostatic discharges from a Van de Graaff generator are transient luminous branching patterns, and sometimes the passing of an electrical current leaves residual physical patterns. Examples of how such patterns are formed are presented.

The history and insight into how the EMC specifications and procedures evolved at one automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Other present-day OEM specifications are more similar than different mostly due to the extensive reference to international standards which these OEMs have taken part in developing (e.g., EMC committees). Knowing this history should help today’s EMC practitioners, especially those new to the discipline, gain some insight into the implementation and limitations of test procedures and when to be flexible in analyzing test results.

The electrical engineering sub-discipline of electromagnetic compatibility has been described as the study of second-order effects that were ignored in college.