Ground

This article describes the MOV circuit design sequence for the AC mains port overvoltage protection of pluggable type A equipment.

The standards reviewed here have been developed to help ensure that ICT circuits will be adequately protected against surges, especially those due to lightning.

The usual experience when working with a NRTL is that projects are, more often than not, late, costs are overrun, and certification reports often inaccurate. This is not always the fault of the NRTL.

The Banana Skin columns were compiled by Keith Armstrong, of Cherry Clough Consultants Ltd, from items he found in various publications, and anecdotes and links sent in by the many fans of the column.

EMC radiated problems in HF/VHF ranges are typical in products with switching-mode power supplies (SMPS) as for example flyback and buck converters. Usually no high power is needed to radiate signals well over the legal EMC limits.