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This is the second in a series of articles devoted to the design, test, and EMC emissions evaluation of 1- and 2-layer PCBs that contain AC/DC and/or DC/DC converters and employ different ground techniques.

This is the fourth article in a series of articles devoted to the design, test, and EMC emissions evaluation of 1- and 2-layer PCBs that contain AC/DC and/or DC/DC converters, and employ different ground techniques.

CISPR Publications 24 and 35 allow radiated and conducted immunity tests to be performed using I% or 4% steps. This article looks at measured radiated immunity test data to determine the typical shapes of radiated susceptibilities for multimedia equipment. The authors consider what those shapes tell us about the validity of the 4% step method.

The 16.6 ohm implementation of contact CDM (LICCDM) recently published in ANSI-ESD Standard Practice 5.3.3 is shown to produce waveforms of similar shape, I_fail, and I_peak vs. C_eff dependency as JS-002. The non-monotonicity of JS-002 at low voltages is overcome using LICCDM. A path to joint standardization with air discharge testing is proposed.

Secure facility designs often comingle ICS/ICD-705 and NSA 94-106 design requirements, creating project confusion with significant design and cost implications. This article focuses on bringing some clarity to the differences between ICS/ICD-705 design guidance and NSA 94-106 performance requirements. The related secure facility design and construction process is also reviewed.