A measure of how well an antenna radiates in its intended direction as compared to an isotropic radiator.
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Assessment of Wireless Emissions in Shipboard SpacesElectromagnetic compatibility of wireless communications and sensor networks with mission critical electronic equipment is assessed for below-deck spaces on ships and submarines. With intentional wireless emission of radio-frequency (RF) energy into the reverberant spaces, it is necessary to measure and characterize the statistical electromagnetic environment (EME) and to predict maximum electric field strengths to a specified confidence level.
- EMC and Measurement Uncertainty – LAB 34 and CISPR 16-4-2
Two of the more important publications in the area of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and Measurement Uncertainty (MU) are LAB 34 and CISPR 16-4-2. EMC and Measurement Uncertainty are receiving more attention as other CISPR Product Family Standards begin to adopt MU. LAB 34 is “The Expression of Uncertainty in EMC Testing” and is published by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS). CISPR 16-4-2 is published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and is titled “Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring Apparatus and Methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, Statistics, and Limit Modeling – Uncertainty in EMC Measurements.” This article compares and contrasts the two MU documents.