al martin

Much has been written about failures due to ground potential rise (GPR), generally in connection with single houses with multiple grounds. But in cases where multiple houses are interconnected via a single piece of equipment, equipment failures could be caused by insulation issues due to GPR attributable to lightning.

The most common characterization of ground rods actually differs from what is observed in the case of lightning. This article discusses what is observed and how that affects ground rod performance.

This article is about varistor construction, characteristics, testing and the often-unappreciated ways varistors can fail.

The standards reviewed here have been developed to help ensure that ICT circuits will be adequately protected against surges, especially those due to lightning.

Why the effects of nearby lightning might be over-estimated, or in some cases underestimated, and how to get more realistic estimates.

Why hasn’t multi-burst testing to simulate lightning been more widely done? And why hasn’t it made its way into standards?

Generally the effect of lightning on an information and technology (ICT) loop that we worry about most is damage. Let’s consider an ICT loop that is probably the most exposed to the effects of lightning – one that runs between structures.

This article will discuss the factors that affect the design of surge protectors for Remote Radio Head (RRH) equipment.

Lightning damage to equipment with a metallic (wired) connection to a communications service has been studied for many years, resulting in a series of Telcordia GR, ATIS and TIA standards in the United States, and ITU-T recommendations elsewhere.