Product markings and labels provide information about the product, installation, and use. The markings and labels can also provide warnings to avoid hazardous energy transfer to a body part. The product safety aspects of markings for identification, ratings, functions, connections, and warnings are described.
In this article, the author will identify two major types of single-conductor structure resonances and describe some case studies for both. He will then describe how design projects can quickly and easily be ‘de-risked’ from the possibilities of suffering either type of resonance by the use of low-cost field and circuit simulators and/or low-cost bench testing on physical ‘mock-ups’.
The EU’s Radio Equipment Directive (RED) places various obligations upon manufacturers of in-scope equipment. Some of these obligations are the same as those found in the Low Voltage and EMC Directives, but others are unique to the RED and can be complex and relatively demanding to comply with. This article identifies and discusses those obligations while suggesting that manufacturers need to continually monitor developments in legislation and standardization.
The use of chemical substances and their potential impacts on human health and the environment is a concern world-wide. This paper looks at substances and substance restrictions, why they are restricted, and how they affect the safe use and disposal of electrical, toy, and medical products.
Controlled environment testing of static control flooring in combination with multiple forms of ESD footwear during the qualification phase can reveal problems and is a mandatory step to avoid installing
non-compliant flooring/footwear systems.
This article will discuss whether there is a risk to overwarning or if it provides better protection than underwarning And, in light of these risks, what should a manufacturer do?
This article discusses the history of why the EU MDR came into existence. It goes into the critical dates to be aware of, many of the significant changes, and impacts on many of the players (Notified Bodies, manufacturers, etc.). Lastly, it details the key steps that device manufacturers should take to implement the provisions of the MDR.
After the tragic 2003 Columbia re-entry accident, computational and experimental electromagnetics were ultimately applied to foster the development of a new NASA Ascent Debris Radar (NDR) for the remaining 22 Shuttle missions.
Direct Current (DC) applications have become more prevalent in recent years, primarily due to the increased usage of renewable energy and energy storage systems. A review of the existing safety standards and other literature shows that there is limited experimental data on DC human body resistance. In particular, no information was found by the authors describing the repeatability of DC body impedance and the effect of contact material and other variables.
