Design
Implementing a process of EMC compliance for a specific project is much more than simply ensuring that the design engineers follow a long list of “do’s and don’ts” in the form of EMC design rules. Following this process will reap benefits when EMC performance is evaluated at the end of the design process.
Testing
Bias tees are an important tool for many applications including vector network analysis. As accurate understanding and modeling of power electronic components becomes increasingly important for the study of their electromagnetic emissions, so do broadband measurements with bias tees. This paper describes the composition of such a special bias tee in terms of the necessary [...]
ESD Standards
A careful review of empirical research, multiple ESD standards, and return on investment provides a strong case for evaluating the installation of ESD flooring in server rooms and data centers.
Part 1 of this two-part article explores some basic rules for terminating cable shields. Part 2 of the article will appear in our October 2022 issue and will summarize the results of recent testing conducted by the author on the shielding effectiveness of screened cables up to 2.8 GHz
Standards Articles
Speed and determinism in design, made possible by time-sensitive networking (TSN) technology, is prompting the development of new TSN profiles for a multitude of applications across industry sectors. The IEEE 802.1™ Working Group of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA) offers numerous TSN profiles for applications, including the automotive, manufacturing, and aviation industries.
Questions To Ask
LISN- Line Impedance Stabilization Networks, AN- Artificial Networks, and ISN- Impedance Stabilization Networks all refer to the same device. The difference between the terms is different standards choose to use the different terms. Each one is commonly used in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of electronic devices to measure the conducted emissions, which are the signals [...]
Design
The growing application of lithium-ion batteries brings with it an increased risk of unanticipated energy releases and thermal runaway. Quantifying battery energy release characteristics during product design can help mitigate those risks.
EMC Concepts Explained
This is the third of the three tutorial articles devoted to the frequency-domain analysis of a lossless transmission line.
Compliance
Product regulatory compliance is a formal discipline that addresses every aspect of the product lifecycle, helping to ensure global acceptance of new and innovative technologies that are environmentally sound and safe to use.
Fundamentals
The 2003 Columbia re-entry accident was caused by a piece of liberated external tank foam that struck and damaged the left leading edge during powered ascent. Computational and experimental electromagnetics were ultimately applied to foster the development of a new NASA Ascent Debris Radar (NDR) for the remaining 22 Shuttle missions. In the process, countless [...]
Design
The selection of component values for common mode filters need not be a difficult and confusing process. The use of standard filter alignments can be utilized to achieve a relatively simple and straightforward design process, though such alignments may readily be modified to utilize pre-defined component values.
Standards and Regulations
As the name suggests, 6G is the sixth generation of mobile connectivity technology. The IEEE Standards Association is building an ecosystem of interested stakeholders from across the globe to address the need for robust, responsible, and affordable wired/wireless platforms in the future.
Standards and Regulations
This article discusses two recent European Commission publications: a proposal for an EU Sustainable Products Regulation and the 2022-2024 Ecodesign & Energy Labelling Working Plan. Both publications raise implications for businesses involved in the manufacture and supply of electrical and electronic equipment to the EU market.
Testing
Part 2 of this article summarizes the results of recent testing conducted by the author on the shielding effectiveness of screened cables up to 2.8 GHz.
Hot Topics in ESD
2.5D/3D integration is an Integrated Circuit (IC) packaging technique that allows the combination of dies of the same or different technologies in the same IC package.
Banana Skins
417. Mains harmonic distortion from electronic equipment upsets energy providers The increasing use of electronic equipment is causing ‘harmonic distortion’ on the UK supply network. This is caused by non-linear loads on the electricity supply system, such as PCs, lighting systems, switch mode power supplies and variable speed drives. Regulation ER G5/4-1, published by the [...]
Product Insights
Even if you are not involved in the practice of the measurement of antennas but have a passing interest and would like to learn more, this is the standard to read. Doing so will quickly get you up to speed, saving you many hours of unnecessary research and much confusion.
Design
Secure facility designs often comingle ICS/ICD-705 and NSA 94-106 performance requirements creating project confusion with significant design and cost implications. This article focuses on bringing some clarity to the differences between ICS/ICD-705 design guidance and NSA 94-106 performance requirements. The related secure facility design and construction process is also reviewed.
Testing
Hipot (“high potential”) electrical safety testers produce high voltage to perform dielectric withstand and insulation resistance tests. This article discusses the safety considerations and capabilities of modern hipot testers that utilize electronic source technology to assess compliance with IEC-61010.
Automotive Testing
EV batteries and battery packs are complex systems, requiring a comprehensive design and testing strategy to help ensure safe and efficient electrical power.
Design
Low-frequency magnetic fields, a type of electromagnetic disturbance commonly found in electric vehicles, can pose potential health hazards to humans and affect the operation of critical EV components. Here are some design techniques to help mitigate the problem.