Since most electrical engineers and PCB designers did not learn about low frequency signal integrity and grounding in school, it can be challenging for them to achieve good low frequency signal integrity that is vital to the performance of closed-loop systems. Precision measurements and A/D conversion of temperature, flow, pressure, current, and voltage in modern energy conversion and motion control systems are simply not possible without excellent low frequency signal integrity. During this presentation, using a signal generator, current and magnetic field probes, and an oscilloscope, Lee will model, demonstrate, and measure the signal integrity, emissions, and immunity problems that can arise in low frequency circuits.